What is the relationship between insulin and glucose ?
Insulin is released from the pancreas to the receptors in the cell, which sends signals to the GLUT4 protein to allow the glucose into the cell. If no insulin is present, or the insulin does not work with the receptors, the glucose cannot enter the cell and the cell has to find a different way to get the energy it needs.
How does insulin assist with the movement of glucose into body cells?
When you intake food your body breaks down the sugar to produce energy. Which then the pancreas releases Insulin . The insulin helps the movement of glucose into the body allowing GLUT4 to come out of the cell through the receptor .
How does the body regulate the level of blood glucose?
The body regulates the level of blood glucose through a negative feedback loop. If blood sugar drops then glucagon is released into the blood from the stimulation of alpha cells in the pancreas. Then, the liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into the blood and blood glucose level rises to the set point and the stimulus for glucagon release diminishes. When blood sugar rises insulin is released into the blood from the stimulation of the beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, either the body cells take up more glucose or the liver and muscles take up glucose and store it as glycogen. Blood glucose levels then decline to a set point and the stimulus for insulin release diminishes.
How can carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins be detected in foods?
Carbohydrates/glucose can be detected in foods by using the Benedicts test. In that test, the food is put into a test tube, some drops of Benedict's solution is added to it,and is then put into a beaker of boiling water. If the food/solution mixture turns reddish orange instead of staying blue, it is positive.
Lipids are tested for using the brown paper test. a drop of the food is put onto a strip of brown paper, and the test is positive if the paper turns transparent.
Proteins are tested for with Biurets, which is where you add the Biurets solution to the food sample and watch for color changes. The sample may turn a light purple, which would be positive.
Starches can be tested for with iodine. If it is positive, the sample with the iodine drops should turn purple instead of staying a yellow color
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